Introduction to the principles and classification of metal laser cutting machines
Release Time:
2024-03-13
Source:
Introduction to the principles and classification of metal cutting machines
1. Principle
Laser cutting machine uses a focused high-power density laser beam to irradiate the workpiece, causing the irradiated material to quickly melt, vaporize, ablate or reach the ignition point. At the same time, the molten material is blown away by the high-speed airflow coaxial with the beam, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting the workpiece. Cut open. Laser cutting is one of the thermal cutting methods.
2. Classification
Laser cutting can be divided into four categories: laser vapor cutting, laser melting cutting, laser oxygen cutting and laser scribing and controlled fracture.
1) Laser vaporization cutting
A high-energy-density laser beam is used to heat the workpiece, causing the temperature to rise rapidly, reaching the boiling point of the material in a very short time, and the material begins to vaporize to form steam. These vapors are ejected at a very high speed, and at the same time as the vapors are ejected, cuts are formed on the material. The vaporization heat of the material is generally very large, so laser vaporization cutting requires large power and power density.
Laser vapor cutting is mostly used for cutting extremely thin metal materials and non-metal materials (such as paper, cloth, wood, plastic and rubber, etc.).
2) Laser melting cutting
During laser melting cutting, laser heating is used to melt the metal material, and then non-oxidizing gas (Ar, He, N, etc.) is sprayed through a nozzle coaxial with the beam, and the strong pressure of the gas is used to discharge the liquid metal to form a cut. Laser melting cutting does not require complete vaporization of the metal, and the energy required is only 1/10 of vaporization cutting.
Laser melting cutting is mainly used for cutting some materials that are not easily oxidized or active metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and their alloys.
3) Laser oxygen cutting
The principle of laser oxygen cutting is similar to oxyacetylene cutting. It uses laser as preheating heat source and active gas such as oxygen as cutting gas. On the one hand, the blown gas reacts with the cutting metal to cause an oxidation reaction and releases a large amount of oxidation heat; on the other hand, the molten oxide and melt are blown out of the reaction zone to form a cut in the metal. Since the oxidation reaction during the cutting process generates a large amount of heat, the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only 1/2 of that of melting cutting, and the cutting speed is much greater than laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. Laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for metal materials that are easily oxidized such as carbon steel, titanium steel, and heat-treated steel.
4) Laser scribing and controlled fracture
Laser scribing uses a high-energy-density laser to scan the surface of a brittle material, causing the material to heat and evaporate to form a small groove. Then a certain amount of pressure is applied, and the brittle material will crack along the small groove. The lasers used for laser scribing are generally Q-switch lasers and CO2 lasers.
Controlled fracture utilizes the steep temperature distribution generated during laser grooving to generate local thermal stress in the brittle material, causing the material to break along the small grooves.
The above is an introduction to the principles of metal laser cutting machines. The metal laser cutting machine is a machine that can automatically typeset. It can save a lot of materials, and the materials cut by the metal laser cutting machine are very flat, and its cuts are very smooth. Equipment such as metal laser cutting machines can reduce processing costs during operations. Most processing manufacturers will choose this equipment, which can effectively reduce the company's manufacturing costs and processing costs.
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